NBPTS Exceptional Needs Specialist Practice Exam

In Freud's theory, what is associated with becoming 'anal retentive'?

1. Struggles with emotional expression

2. Over-controlling behavior

3. Difficulty in forming relationships

4. Lack of independence

The correct answer is: Over-controlling behavior

In Freud's psychosexual development theory, the concept of becoming 'anal retentive' arises from the anal stage, which typically occurs between the ages of 18 months and 3 years. During this stage, the child's focus of pleasure is on controlling bladder and bowel movements. The experiences during toilet training can lead to the development of specific personality traits. Being 'anal retentive' is characterized by a tendency toward over-controlling behavior. Individuals who are considered anal retentive often demonstrate perfectionism, an obsession with order, and a strong need for control over their environment and themselves. This behavior generally stems from a strict or overly critical approach to toilet training, where a child may become fixated on cleanliness and control. The traits associated with anal retentiveness manifest as a desire for organization, rigidity, and a reluctance to let go of control. Therefore, the connection between being 'anal retentive' and over-controlling behavior is rooted in the notion that early life experiences during the anal stage can significantly shape personality traits related to autonomy and constraint in later life.