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Jean Piaget is recognized for his theory of Cognitive Development, which focuses on how children actively construct their understanding of the world through stages. According to Piaget, cognitive development occurs in four distinct stages: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. Each stage represents a different way of thinking and understanding the world, reflecting how children's cognitive abilities evolve as they mature.

Piaget emphasized the importance of children's interactions with their environment and their innate drive to explore, which leads to the development of increasingly complex thought processes. His work laid the foundation for modern developmental psychology and education, influencing how educators approach cognitive development in young learners.

While other theorists, such as Vygotsky, Pavlov, and Skinner, contributed significantly to psychology and education, they focused on different aspects. Vygotsky highlighted the social context of learning, emphasizing the role of social interaction and cultural tools. Pavlov is best known for his work in classical conditioning, while Skinner focused on behaviorism and operant conditioning. Each of these theorists brought valuable insights to the field, but Piaget's theory specifically addresses the stages and processes of cognitive development.