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The stage of moral development in which values become primarily focused on appearance and social approval is associated with Level 2 of Kohlberg's framework, specifically the conventional level. At this stage, individuals begin to value the expectations and norms of their social groups, prioritizing relationships and the need for approval from others over personal moral principles.

This focus on social approval often translates to a desire to conform to societal norms and expectations, which shapes behavior significantly. The understanding of right and wrong is influenced by how one's actions are perceived by peers and the community, indicating that the individual seeks acceptance and validation from those around them.

In contrast, the other levels focus on different aspects of moral reasoning. Level 1 emphasizes the avoidance of punishment and the pursuit of personal gain, while Level 3 involves a deeper integration of societal values but often moves towards a focus on the broader community's well-being. Finally, Level 4 typically emphasizes law and order, recognizing the importance of upholding rules and societal structures, further distancing from the more superficial concerns of social approval characteristic of Level 2.